ABSTRACT
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo confirmar la evidencia científica existente de las propiedades terapéuticas de plantas chilenas que son utilizadas como medicamento por Machis de las regiones de La Araucanía y Los Ríos. El estudio se realizó en dos períodos en cuatro comunidades mapuches de esas regiones, entre Julio 2015 a marzo 2016 y segunda etapa entre agosto a diciembre 2017. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con las Machis, donde las informaciones entregadas sobre las aplicaciones medicinales fueron consensuadas entre los participantes. Las plantas identificadas fueron comparadas en sus propiedades con la evidencia experimental conocida, verificando científicamente las propiedades indicadas. Los resultados ofrecen un criterio adicional para la selección y uso de plantas en dolencias existentes en la población chilena. Los resultados de este estudio corroboran para algunas especies de plantas utilizadas, sus propiedades medicinales declaradas en enfermedades oncológicas. Dichos efectos exigen un estudio clínico necesario para su uso terapéutico.
The objective of this study was to confirm the existing scientific evidence of the therapeutical properties of Chilean plants to be used as medicine by Machis of the Araucanía and Los Ríos Chilean regions. The study was performed in two periods at four mapuche communities of these regions, between July 2015 to March 2016 and the second stage from August to December 2017. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Machis, where the information delivered on the medicinal applications it was agreed among all participants. The identified plants were compared in their properties with the experimental evidence reported, verifying the indicated properties. The results offer an additional criteria for selecting plants to be used in the corresponding diseases of Chilean population. The results of this study support for some species of plants used their medicinal properties on oncological diseases. These facts require the necessary clinical support in order to prove as therapeutic treatment.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Indians, South American , Culture , ChileSubject(s)
Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Lactams , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Immunodiffusion/methodsABSTRACT
Some properties of the beta-lactamases produced by one strain of Shigella flexneri, one strain of Shigella sonnei, and one strain of Shigella boydii are studied. Susceptibility of these microorganisms to ampicillin and to cephalotin is investigated before and after a curing treatment with acridine oragne. The substrate profiles of these beta-lactamases, as well as their inducibility, their release to the extracellular environment by osmotic shcok,their susceptibility to enzime inhibitors, and their isoelectric points are also investigated. Transference of ampicillin resistance is tried by bacterial conjugation using a recipient strain of Escherichia coli K-12. The extrachromosomal DNA of the strain is also investigated. Through the analysis of the results the classification of these beta of these beta-lactamases is attempted in relation to the main groups of enzymes which are known at the present time. The three strains proved to be resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin but the transference of this resistance by conjugation was positive only for Sh. flexneri. Several bands of extrachromosomal DNA were observed in these microorganisms. It is concluded that, according to the properties of the enzymes, the beta-lactamase produced by Sh. flexneri belong to the TEM group of enzymes (plasmid-coded beta-lactamases). In relation to the beta-lactamase of Sh. sonnei, its general properties agree with those previously described for enzymes of the same bacterial species and allow the classification of this beta-lactamase as a constitutive cephalosporinase. It is also concluded that the bata-lactamase produced by Sh. boydii is plasmic-coded, since a curing effect was obtained with acridine orange and enzyme activity was released by osmotic shock procedure to the extracellualar environment in more than 80%. However, according to other properties (isolectric point and inhibition profile), this enzyme does not seem to belong to any of the know groups of plasmid-coded beta-lactamases...
Subject(s)
Penicillinase/analysis , Shigella/enzymology , Ampicillin/pharmacology , Cephalothin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Shigella/drug effectsABSTRACT
The presence of antibiotic-resistant Gram negative bacilli has been investigated in samples of sea water and shellfish from the bay of Concepción, Chile. Different amonts of resistant microorganisms were found in samples of water. Aulacomya ater and Tagelus dombeii. The most frequent bacterial species were Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Most of these microorganisms exhibited resistanc eto B-lactam antibiotics. B-lactamases produced by fecal E. coli strains behaved similarly to TEM-like enzymes. It is suggested that resistant bacil, are discharged into the sea through the sewage, they are supposed to be filtered by shellfish and in this way these bacteria may return to the human intestine thus completing an hypothetical recycling. Untreated shellfish may behave as important sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria when are collected in areas polluted with resistant bacteria
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Seawater/microbiology , Shellfish/microbiologyABSTRACT
Se investiga la frecuencia de dermatofitosis en 620 alumnos de tres establecimientos de enseñanza básica de Concepción y San Pedro. Se obtienen muestras de escamas de piel de 29 alumnos con lesiones sospechosas y se someten a examen microscópico directo y cultivo para hongos dermatofitos. Se aisla Microsporum canis de dos alumnos, lo cual indica prevalencia de 0.3% de dermatofitosis en la población escolar examinada. Ambos casos corresponden a tiña del cuero cabelludo. Un caso es sometido a tratamiento con griseofulvina y el otro con ketoconazol. El resultado del tratamiento es satisfactorio en ambos niños. Se encuentra además una elevada frecuencia de casos de sarna (20.2%) y pediculosis (26.0%)